Allocation of Funds in the DOE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Allocation of Funds in the DOE - Essay Example This document will show the reasons for the re-allocation of the monies toward viable sources of energy, and will also outline the importance of energy conservation as a tool in adjusting from hydrocarbon fuel sources to the alternative energy source formats. Current Distribution of Funds, in millions, for 2011 Projected Distribution of Funds, in millions, for 2012 $100M Nuclear Energy $100M Nuclear Energy $145M Fossil Fuels $45M Fossil Fuels, until projected phase-out $75M Alternative Energy Sources ($40M for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells) ($90M for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells) ($15M for Solar Energy) ($10M for Wind) ($25M for Wind) ($10M for Biomass) ($0 for Water Power) ($40M for Water Power) $30M Energy Conservation and Weatherization $50M Energy Conservation and Weatherization Our planet is in crisis. We are technologically more advanced than ever, but our advancement comes at a price. We need to face the reality that our energy consumption is far exceeding the fuel resources we are using to sustain our lifestyle. Wood, coal, petroleum - each resource we have employed since we discovered how to turn energy into power has become a part of the global problem which it is now too late to solve: how do we save our planet from ourselves? In reviewing the alternatives for energy sources and the technologies currently exploring those alternatives it is my recommendation, based upon the book The End of Oil by Paul Roberts, that the following areas merit the bulk of the available funds: Energy Conservation and Weatherization, Nuclear Energy, and of the alternative energy sources that have been explored, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. The abundance of a given resource is a deciding factor in determining which technologies merit funding. The question is which resource will carry us the farthest, making it the most worthy of investment? Let us consider the merits of the various resources, starting with coal, which falls under the category of fossil fuels. Coal was literally the corner stone of the Industrial Revolution at the turn of the last century. (27, Roberts) However, in the twenty-first century, with a century of pollution having adulterated our environment, Roberts points out that we have no choice but to consider cleaner sources of energy. Coal did, however, replace wood as an energy source, and it was able to achieve a technological leap previously impossible with wood: â€Å"Newcomen’s engine took the process one step further, by converting the heat energy from combustion into the physical, or mechanical, energy of work.† (28) Still, as a renewable energy source, it is found lacking. Coal and other fossil fuels are finite resources, making them unworthy of further financial investment. The Department of Energy is hereby charged with managing the re-allocation of funds to renewable sources of energy. The Department of Energy must also utilize the re-allocated funds in the Energy Conservation category to maximum advantage, for the following reason: â€Å"Changing our energy sources has historically been a highly disruptive process.† (15, author) This is to say that whenever people have negotiated the transition from one energy source to another, the change is slow to take effect because the existing technology works best with the resources currently

Health Care Communications Methods Nursing Home Option 1 Research Paper

Health Care Communications Methods Nursing Home Option 1 - Research Paper Example Therefore, as an administrator of the nursing home, he or she has the responsibility to arrange how these patients are going to enjoy their rights to medication. Therefore, the administrator has to choose communication method that will be effective to every resident either traditional, electronic or social media method. Ancient communication involves using brochures, pamphlets and booklets that are intended to reach audience randomly. However, it is expensive to incur the cost of printing health information in these materials when a few copies are required. Therefore, to be cost effective, many copies of these materials are printed at once.Traditional communication is associated with some advantages such as: convey a precise message because developers of the information seek to produce materials and programs that would meet the need of a large number of potential users, different subgroups in the society were able to access different version of material from the writers. On the other hand, traditional communication hasits disadvantages such that, it is very cumbersome to print a large number of information materials for a large population since the writers writes distinctive information for different population, additionally; if the information to be printed involve a few copies, it is very expensi ve. Lastly, to customize on population outreach of information by the administrator to different individuals will bedependent upon quick processing of large volume of data hence residents can misunderstand information leading to ineffectiveness of the administrator to the residents. Emergence of tailored health communication was an indication of growing marketing approach to modify communication in nursing home formedby uniting various innovations at once. Tailored health communication (THC) refers to bringing together information and performance change plans expected to get to a particular person

Innovation Management at Airlines Industry

Innovation Management at Airlines Industry Executive summary In a business context, innovation as a new idea means the creation of value proposition where customers needs are fulfilled through an integrated combination of goods, service, systems, process and technologies. This paper brought out an innovative idea for airlines industry, which could minimize the cost by reducing the cabin crew in order expand the market growth for the low cost budget airlines. The idea was the installation of vending machine in the aircraft. As a cross functional team, the idea would be implemented by the low cost budget airline: Easyjet, whose main objective is to be the best low-fare airline in the world. As a cross function team of Easyjet, quite few ideas were assessed before come to the final one. By analysing feasibility and justifying, the team found that if Easy jet installs the vending machine in their aircraft, they could cut one of their cabin crews in an operation. It would reduce their cost as well as bring flexibility of customer service. The minimisation of cost paves the way to competitive low-fare by reducing the ticket price. In this report, the team also sorted out the potential problem which could arise at start of the introduction of vending machine in aircraft as well as recommend how to overcome these situations. Setting up of vending machines requires a slight change of aircraft design as well as needs special version of vending machine, which is suitable for aircraft use. The teams design unit made a probable design of the aircraft, which is displayed in the report. Additionally, the maintenance unit provided solutions for the future maintenance of this product. Introduction Innovation is the commercialization of creativity. European Foundation for quality Management defined innovation more precisely, as innovation is the transformation of ideas into product, service, process and systems and social interaction. It creates new streams of value that satisfied stakeholders and drive sustainable growth (cited in Mele, 2009). This is the new emerging phenomenon in business philosophy. In fact, innovation could be continuous improvements and radical or even discontinuous idea of any product, process or it could be any service industry (Stamm, 2008). Innovation is crucial for present competitive and ever changing environment. As a mature industry, Airlines companies are encountering massive competition. As a result, innovation or creating a value for customer is the key in this business. However, continuous or regular changing is not quite possible for this highly expensive and risky industry. Although, the airlines industry which take an initiative to create a value for money, it can be a leader in this business arena. The selected company is Easyjet following the cost leadership strategy. Thus, the new proposed idea as well follows the cost leadership strategy. Before selecting this idea, a lot of ideas were generated. At the end, the installation of vending machine in aircraft is selected to create a new value for the Easy jet airlines. Why the innovation is crucial for Easyjet and viability of the proposed idea are explained in justification and reason for adopting innovative strategy section. Meanwhile, the proposed design of setting up vending machine in aircraft has been presented in this report. L ater, the predicted problem is identified and recommended the solution as well. At the end, learning process will show how this idea was developed. Preliminary investigation: This is the first step to develop any potential idea at which stage projects technical and marketplace merits are determined (Stamm, 2009). This project has centred the market of airlines industry. As a mature industry, airlines companies are generating and implementing different innovative projection in order to survive in a highly competitive market. One of them is the cost strategic innovation has been brought in the UK by the two airlines industry, namely: Ryan air and Easy jet. Easy jet is the proposed company in this project. Analysing its market share, market growth, consumer needs and priorities and core competencies, this project identified the cost effective innovative idea, which is installation of vending machine in the aircraft primarily for short haul distance. Logic behind this proposal is reducing the cabin crew in order to cutting the cost. On the other hand, it would bring the flexibility in customer service because customers need not to wait for food or drink. Furt hermore, there would be variety of food and drink in the vending machine. Considering technical side of setting up vending machine, aircraft will be redesigned to a small extent. Justification for the Innovation Easyjet is currently the second largest low budget airline in Europe. In 2009 passenger numbers increased by 3.4% to 45.2 million this is as a result of Easyjets unique selling proposition of offering the lowest prices to the most convenient airports. It currently flights to 114 destinations on over 400 routes. It compares favourably with the model of Ryanair (currently the largest airline in Europe) which offers the lowest fares but to secondary airports (EasyJet, 2010). Easyjets strategy and business model is based on four key indicators (Appendix-2) As suggested by Buckman (2007), the next big wave in automation, and travel technology overall, will focus less on the process and more on the people. Moving forward, it will be more about how technology can enhance and improve the travel experience from booking to baggage. Low price, a variety of destinations, value for money and efficiency are core competencies of Easyjet. Those core values should not change regardless of environmental turbulence (Collins and Porras, 1996). Its strategies require cost reduction and other profit sources are more important than travel fares as a source of revenue. The chart below shows an outline of how Easyjet compares to its nearest competitors in the airline industry in Europe. Easyjet RyanAir British Airways Quality of Service: The quality of Easyjets service compares favourably with that of Ryanair which is the leading brand in the low-cost Airline model. It however does not provide the same level of service as the network airline British Airways. Destinations: Easyjet goes to fewer destinations than Ryanair. However, it does favour primary airports over secondary airports which give it a marginal advantage to customers who prefer to arrive closer to the city centres. It goes to more destinations than British Airways in Europe. Price Advantage: Easyjet has a distinct price advantage over the network airlines due to its no-frills pricing model. Its prices are low but can be lower if it chooses more secondary airports like Ryanair. The analysis above shows that Easyjet is not the market leader in any of its key competencies. it is therefore necessary for Easyjet to improve its position. This can be done through innovative change in customer service. Reasons for Adopting Innovative Strategy With the opening of political boundaries across Europe, the airline industry has seen tremendous growth in recent years. More and more passengers are travelling across Europe for business and leisure. This has allowed for the emergence of low cost airlines right across Europe. There has also been increased competition from the high speed rail industry with companies like Eurostar increasing their market share in the transport industry. The airlines have also been affected by the recent fluctuations in fuel prices and economic downturn. In 2009 Easyjet was able to make modest profits of  £54.7million despite these challenges. Moreover, there was a higher increase in revenue from ancillary sources (Appendix-2). As the company model is based on reducing ticket price, it is preferable to maximise revenue from ancillary sources while reducing cost. In line with easyjets strategic priority of developing a winning customer proposition and its ability to use technology for innovative change it has been reviewed various possibilities for improving the customer experience to achieve growth. They include: Offering a standing service for short haul flights. (Appendix-2) Enhancing the EasyjetPlus card service (Appendix-2) In-flight vending machine, which is explained below. This product would allow customers a low-cost self service that is easily available once on the flight. It would also reduce the workload of the flight attendants. It opens avenues for direct sales of products from Easyjet and third parties. This option allows Easyjet the opportunity to increase revenue by providing advertising space for third party suppliers. This would help improve the brand and ancillary revenue. It would be innovative as it is a new product to the market and Easyjet could possibly gain additional revenue by licensing the product to other airlines once developed. It would however require investment in development of the concept and implementation. Design Easy machine (vending) are going to locate in some part of the Galley (kitchen) where not only food and beverages kept but also contain flight attendant jump seats, emergency equipment storage, and anything else that flight attendants may need during the flight. As below image indicate, normal aircraft like A319 has two galley areas which usable one for coffee machine and one for food and beverages. Easy machine in fact could be installed in galley area for more safety issue and as mention above just occupy some space and it produces from very light and strong plastic material. It is necessary to state that Easy machine totally redesigned and resized in order to fit and stick in galley. The colourful design of setup vending machine in aircraft and possible installation place is displayed below in two pictures: Potential problem and related solutions: In this part, the aim is to identify potential problems and threats, which could hinder the process of setting up the vending machine. At the same time, how to overcome these issues are explained here. In order to set up vending machine in an aircraft, Easy jet could ask some additional modification to their supplier for introducing compatible vending machines. However, setting up vending machine in an aircraft is not an easy task. It is estimated that, the following issues could be occurred when Easy jet will install the vending machine in the aircraft. These are broadly analysed as well as finding the problems with solution have been stated below. Safety Problem analysis: safety measure is considered to be the prime reason of concern while installing the vending machine. As there is a potential risk when plane taking off or landing and there is a possibility of vending machine to falling down on the floor. Furthermore, it could bring an enormous accident for the aircraft. It could also injured careless sort of passengers when they pass the vending machine. After analysing safety reason, two main issues are identified, which are potential threats for installing vending machine. The issues are:  · Stickiness of vending machine on the aircraft  · Indication of vending machine, where it would place Solution: the proposed installation of vending machine in the aircraft should be designed especially as it could viable for aircraft use. For the first issue of safety, vending machine should be attached on the floor as well as stick in the aircraft ceiling. As it should be unmoveable, even if when plane taking off and landing on the ground. Considering the second issue; a flashy sign can be tagged on the vending machine or around the vending machine. It would act as caution when anyone is passing by the vending machine. It would also remove traditional trolley as well as reduce congestion in the galley area, which has a potential benefit for in-fight staffs (Appendix-4). Weight Problem: The weight of the vending machine was discussed as one of the key issue and needed thorough analyses while setting up vending machine in the aircrafts. Since, many instances of plane accident indicate the underlying weight related problems; Easy Jet should consider it from plan to implementation. As a result, it should be viable for aircraft capacity. Also, the weight is related with carrying passengers as well as luggage. Thus, Easyjet should consider two issues for weight related problem. These are:  · The weight of the vending machine  · The weight capacity of aircraft Solution: the proposed vending machine should be specially built for aircraft. Meanwhile, Average vending machine weight is 310 kg with 360 can capacity (Cokevending, 2010). It is built with metal and as a result, it is heavy. However, using plastic can reduce the weight. Recently, plastic vending machines are available in the market. Thus, it is feasible to think for installing plastic vending machine in the aircraft. Legal Problem: this potential threat might come from government approval. This is because; it is related with aircraft safety. In the meantime, public pressure could be arising as a new innovation process. Since, it is related with aircraft reengineering. Another question would be aroused about the cutting down of staff as there is standard ratio of staff should available in service operation. As a result, the following issues should consider before launching the vending machine in the aircraft.  · Managing related governmental department for approval  · Increasing public trust  · Staff reduction issue Solution: for pursuing government approval, Easy jet could prove that this innovative changing is viable for aircraft. It is taken because of reduce cost. Since, it is not a radical innovation. Thus, it is not tough enough to make people believe that this change is feasible for aircraft carrying capacity. Consequently, easy jet can introduce advertisement campaign for bringing the trust on public. One of the main objectives of the fitting up vending machine in aircraft is reducing the staff. Thus, this low cost leadership airlines industry can be bringing down their operation cost. However, there is a legal issue about the standard ratio of cabin crew, which has to be considered before reducing the staff (Appendix-2). Space reduction Problem: installing vending machine in the aircraft means shrinking the space of the aircraft. Length of existing vending machine of coca cola is 102 cm. Though, vending for aircraft would be customized, but it will take some space. Thus, potential issues could be:  · Occupancy of space by installing vending machine  · Reducing the space from aircraft Solution: though vending machine will occupy some space, it has other potential benefits. Drink and food service will be self served. However, this space reduction could not impact hugely in aircraft. Meanwhile, it would be competitive trade off to be set up vending machine for aircraft, which would be customized only for aircraft. Finance Problem: Easy jet has to invest some money to restructure of its aircraft for setting up vending machine. Thus, following issues could be installing vending machine:  · Restructuring cost  · Set up cost Solution: moderately less amount of money is related for installing vending machine. The proposed vending machine in aircraft would be specially made for Easy jet aircraft. Thus, its production cost will be split in such as; material cost, setting cost and other related cost. Considering all this aspect, it could be assumed that setting up vending machine would not be an expensive venture. Consumer credibility Problem: restructuring and redesigning the aircraft is more risky than ground vehicle. Public intimidation would be high if the restructuring will not be proved to be safe. Thus, significant threats of safety should be measured. These could be accounted below:  · Inconvenience for passengers  · Possible queuing for food and drink Solution: Easyjet carries passengers for short haul distance. The installation of vending machine is primarily for short haul distance air travel. As a result, inconvenience of passenger would not be high. Rather, passengers do not need to wait for crew member as it is self service. Keeping attention of possible queuing, the member of staffs could check all over the flight as passengers could take food or drink without any hassle. Maintenance of vending machine innovation The Easyjet has to consider the following issues for the maintenance of vending machine: Customer use of vending machine Customer can buy any product by coin, paper note and debit or credit card (chip pin). It is big issue for customer which currency will accepted by this vending machine. For solving this problem machine have to set the program that it will accept most of the familiar currency. Vending machine supervising Before start the flight, supervisor (cabin crew) has to visits machines and dispenses soft drinks, candy and snacks, and other items. They collect money from the coin and cash-operated machines, restock merchandise, and change labels to indicate new selections. They also keep the machines clean and appealing. Supervisor should have enough training to supervise this machine and to manage the passengers to assist them to buy their food, drinks or other things. Break down and solution If machine break down, it would be advisable that most of the control functions can be managed by an integrated circuit board (Appendix-2). Managing vending machine food supply Easy jet already has contracted with some brand food and drinks company. In year 2009 they started contract with world famous coffee company Starbucks (EasyJet, 2009). These types of company can supply vending machine food. Reflection of learning process: The new big innovative idea was developed by the four members. As it has been known that innovative idea always needs brainstorming and lots of challenges have to overcome before evolving any viable idea. Since it has been instructed that this potential idea should increase the opportunities of market growth for the selected company, the four members have worked through generating ideas related with different business. Officially, as it is assigned by administration to compile the report in six week period. The task was organised weekly such that the first two weeks was developing different ideas and subsequent researching as well as collecting relevant materials based on the selected idea and company. Meanwhile the team has contacted with different vending machine companies for the suggestion to setting up vending machine in aircraft. Discussion of first meeting was basically organising the team members, structural format, assigning the role to the members, and deciding who would maintain the contact with all others members as a coordinator. The role of Coordinator implies by Crossman (2008) as this person will have a clear view of the team objectives and will be skilled at inviting the contribution of team members in achieving these objectives (p.198). The following meeting was to come in the point where the team decided to select an airlines company as topic to develop innovative idea. The session was garnished with quite a few exchanges of ideas, views, comments and critical discussion. Finally, the team has picked the idea of setting up vending machine in the aircraft. On the other hand, as a cross functional team, team members are viewed themselves as a members of their function (Crossman, 2008). Thus, this project work was split such as market and cost analyses for new innovation, identifying problem and related solution, design the aircraft for setting up vending machine and maintaining after installation. As a completely new idea, the team faced a lot of challenges to prove the viability of project. All of the subsequent meeting held on bases of testifying the perfection of this project. While making the progress in setting up the vending machine for aircraft, the team encountered few key issues. As challenges grew more, the team rather focused on uses of the light weight plastic material, instead of heavy metal made vending machine. Furthermore, it has been estimated by the team that, this step would be suitable like low-cost strategic airlines mainly Easyjet. Because they can adapt the policy by reducing the numbers of cabin crew and recap the installation cost of vending machine. Additionally, it could sustain steady market growth. The team observed the innovation would bring about a competitive advantage even in the time of severe economic downturn. The above development of idea and analysing process revealed the learning of the core motive of innovation for the team members. Reference: Coca-Cola Enterprises (2004). Vending machine specification. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.cokevending.co.uk/ven_vending_machines_coke_bottle.html> [Accessed 1 march 2010] 3M United Kingdom PLC (2000). Vending machine weight. [online] Available at :< URL: http://solutions.3m.co.uk/wps/portal/3M/en_GB/Tapes-and-Adhesives/Home/DocumentCentre/Datasheets/?PC_7_RJH9U5230GVA6027OM7C9G2AG3_nid=4XX438M9Z6be7B9QQ3C521gl > [Accessed 25 February 2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. Major new easy jet aircraft order. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.easyjet.com/en/investor/major_new_aircraft_order.html> [Accessed 25 February 2010] Austrian cargo. Aircraft specification. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.austriancargo.com/cg/eng/Network/Fleet/airbus+319/> [Accessed 3 March 2010] Flight Attendants Association of Australia(2010). Ratio of cabin crew. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.faaadomestic.org.au/news.asp?id=993> [Accessed 25 February 2010] Mele, C (2009). Innovation in B2B: learning, creativity, and the provision of solutions within Service-Dominant Logic. Journal of costumer behaviour Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 199-220. Stamm V. B. (2008). Managing innovation design and creativity. Second edition. (West Sussex) Crossman A. (2007), managing human assets management of human resources, Pearson Education limited, (Harlow) Occupational Outlook Handbook (2006). Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers., p1-3, 3p [online] Available at :< URL: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3hid=5[emailprotected]bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWF0aGVucyxpcCxjb29raWUsdXJsLHVpZCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmU%3d#db=bthAN=28094800> [Accessed 5 March 2010] easy Jet Airline Company Limited. How to manage vending machine food. [online] Available at :< URL: http://corporate.easyjet.com/en/media/latest-news/news-year-2009/21-04-09a.aspx> [Accessed 10 march2010] Yahoo UK Ltd. Flickr.[Print]. [online] Available at :< URL: www.flickr.com/photos/irishflyguy/2425240215/> [Accessed 10 march2010] Tomas Gonzales (2006). Seatmaestro.[Print]. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.seatmaestro.com/images/newmaps/446_A319.jpg> [Accessed 10 March2010] Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. [Print]. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.beg.aero/passengers/flights.239.html?flightId=43564> [Accessed 10 March2010] SimMarket, in-solution. [Print]. [online] Available at :< URL: http://secure.simmarket.com/wilco-airbus-series-vol-1-deluxe.phtml> [Accessed 10 March 2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. Annual (report 2009). [online] Available at :< URL: http://2009annualreport.easyjet.com/> [Accessed 5 March2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. Easy Jet announces major innovation for business travellers. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.easyjet.com/en/News/20050309_01.html> [Accessed 10 March 2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. Duncan Williamson, EasyJet plc: A basic analysis of the company. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.duncanwil.co.uk/pdfs/easyjet.pdf> [Accessed 9 March 2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. Easy Jet is now the UKs national airline. [online] Available at :< URL: http://corporate.easyjet.com/media/latest-news/news-year-2010/easyJet%20is%20now%20the%20UKs%20National%20Airline.aspx> [Accessed 9 March 2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. Speedy boarding from Easy Jet. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.easyjet.com/en/News/speedy_boarding_plus_launched.html> [Accessed 10 March 2010] David J Skyrme(2008). Europes progress to a knowledge Economy. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.skyrme.com/updates/u71_f3.htm> [Accessed 5 March 2010] SAABIRA CHAUDHURI(2007). Mansueto Ventures LLC. The future of air travel. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.fastcompany.com/articles/2007/09/buckman.html> [Accessed 10 March 2010] Condà © Nast Digital(2009). The Menace of Standing-Only Flights Spreads. [online] Available at :< URL: http://www.jaunted.com/story/2009/7/7/02543/58462/travel/From+China+to+Ryanair:+The+Menace+of+Standing-Only+Flights+Spreads> [Accessed 9 march 2010] Easy Jet Airline Company Limited. EasyJetPlus whats it all about?. [online] Available at :< URL: http://easyjetplus.com/find-out-more.php> [Accessed 10 March 2010] Martin Roll (2004). Singapore Airlines case study . BrandChannel. 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Databases :: essays research papers

databases The Many Faces of Databases Large databases can contain hundreds of interrelated files. Fortunately a database management system can shield users from the complex inner workings of the system, providing them with only the information and commands they need to get their jobs done. In fact, a well-designed database puts on different faces for different classes of users. Downsizing and Decentralizing The earliest file management programs could only do batch processing, which required users to accumulate transactions and feed them into computers in large batches. These batch systems weren't able to provide the kind of immediate feedback we expect today. Today disk drives, inexpensive memory, and sophisticated software have allowed interactive processing to replace batch processing for most applications. Users can now interact with data through terminals, viewing and changing values in real time. Batch processing is still used for printing periodic bills, invoices, and reports and for mak ing backup copies of data files. But for applications that demand immediacy, such as airline reservations, banking transactions, and the like, interactive, multiuser database systems have taken over. Until recently most databases were housed in mainframe computers. But for a growing number of organizations, the traditional centralized database on a mainframe system is no longer the norm. Some companies use a client/server approach: Database software in client desktop computers works with files stored in central server databases on mainframes, minicomputers, or desktop computers. Other companies use distributed databases that use data strewn out across networks on several different computers. From the user's point of view, the differences between these approaches may not be apparent. Tomorrow's Databases? Many computer scientists believe that the relational data model may be supplanted in the next decade by an object-oriented data model, and that most future databases will be object- oriented databases rather than relational databases. Instead of storing records in tables and hierarchies, object-oriented databases store software objects that contain procedures (or instructions) along with data. Object-oriented databases often are used in conjunction with object-oriented programming languages. Tomorrow's databases will be able to respond intelligently to commands and queries issued in natural human language. Rules of Thumb: Dealing with Databases A few common-sense rules when working with file managers or relational database management systems are: o Choose the right tool for the job. o Think about how you'll get the information out before you put it in. o Start with a plan, and be prepared to change it.

Scholasticism

Scholasticism is derived from the word â€Å"scholasticus† which denotes â€Å"that belongs to the school. † This term refers to the â€Å"school of philosophy† that were instructed by the â€Å"academics or schoolmen of the medieval universities between the periods of 1100 to 1500. † The â€Å"medieval Christian theology and the ancient classical philosophy† were brought back together by scholasticism (Webster’s online dictionary, 2008, â€Å"Scholasticism†). The definition of scholasticism is not generally based on a particular belief or principle but more of a method and a system for the academics that focused on dialectical reasoning. To provide answers to philosophical questions and to reconcile conflicts are the main objectives of scholasticism (Truner, 1912, â€Å"Scholasticism†). â€Å"Logic, metaphysics and semantics† were included in the study of scholasticism which had been considered as major factors in the advancement of knowledge about logic. More so, â€Å"philosophy of nature, psychology, epistemology and philosophy of science† were deemed significant elements for inquisitions. Most scholastics read books as part of their â€Å"basic course literature† in every discipline that was usually written by auctors who were famous scholars. Reading is a method of the study that ensured aspiring scholars to become learned individuals. Through this process, scholars have developed a sense of appreciation for the â€Å"theories of the auctor. † As a result, the problems tackled throughout the whole discipline were dealt with by the scholars in a critical and confident manner. However, scholastic works usually â€Å"have tendencies to take the form of a long list of â€Å"footnotes† to the works studied, not being able to take a stand as theories on their own† (Truner, 1912, â€Å"Scholasticism†). According to Gerard Defaux, criticisms on scholasticism are rooted on scholasticism’s closed attachment to Aristotelian dialectic and philosophy that were used in the formulation of concepts and methodologies which were evident in biblical commentaries and Christian doctrine. Because of the immense â€Å"audacity in the domain of speculative theology and superior rationalism and intellectualism of scholasticism,† pagan philosophy had prevailed over â€Å"intelligence of faith† (Defaux, 1995, p. 1017).

A Good Life Does Not Have to Be Complex.

Arsh Atwal A Good Life does not have to be Complex April 6/2013 A good life is defined differently for everyone. Our parents, friends, and the media all comprise a vision that we see as the best way of experiencing our lives. Hen determining what is a good life, there are many evident things that come to mind that would be a part of a good life for everyone. Having an active healthy existence, feeling safe and secure in your life, and being happy are the most likely answers to the question of a good life. Health is an essential part to a good life, as is morals and beliefs.A good life is defined by how people interpret the term happiness. Most peoples lives are based on their morals and beliefs. People believe money is the root of all evil, allowing things of lesser value make them feel they are living the good life. An example of this would be when people purchase an apartment and being just as content as if they would have gotten a big spacious house. However, some also believe wea lth is needed to effectively live a good life when you are seeking happiness through things that make you individually well off.An example of this would be buying the newest car rather than a cheaper car. Pursuing happiness through morals can sometimes be dreadful. Happiness can be found in daily life. However, as peoples living standard rises, many people don’t content simple life, they always will want more. Having happiness does not mean how wonderful the house you live in is. While people are looking for something that they think can make them happy, their life becomes too complex. People will never be happy for what they have now.Although material things can make life more interesting, they will not make you feel the real happiness and have good life. Being simple everyday is what makes people happy. A happy family is a healthy and loving family. Having support of each other during good and bad times, is very important because it relives stress. Less stress means better health. Loving your family brings and keeps happiness inside the home. No support or love in a family leads to meaningless household, this can divide family members into not caring.Keeping family close by eating meals and going on trips together makes a great loving family, which is part of a good life. A good life is not a specific way of life for every person. For each person, the meaning of a good life is different. Whatever way of life a person is comfortable and happy with counts as a good life for that person. It is hard to say that only one way of life is a good way of life because each person prefers different things and wants different things

The Benefits of the Holocaust for the Jews essays

The Benefits of the Holocaust for the Jews essays The Benefits of the Holocaust for the Jews The Holocaust and the murder of approximately 6 million Jews by the Nazi Germany during World War II was and is till now one of the few genocide attempts, which were precisely organized and planned for total annihilation of the Jews. Many other plans such as this one were attempted before, taking as an example by Alexander the Great, but first: the idea never occurred to Alexanders mind. Why? Because the technology of his time did not make such a thought conceivable (Cargas, 132). So, ethnic violence has not been uncommon in world history, but the Holocaust stands out as the only systematic effort by a modern government to destroy an entire people. Not only Jews were killed by the Nazis but also Slavs, Gypsies, Polish intelligentsia, resistance fighters from all the nations, German opponents of Nazism, homosexuals, Habitual criminals, and the anti-social such as beggars, vagrants, and hawkers. Every Jewish community in occupied Europe suffered losses during the Holocaust sole ly because of the fanatic Nazi belief that they were the carriers of a genetic inheritance that threatened German and Christian values. But how was Adolf Hitler able to convince the German population of his fanatic ideas, how did all this started, and who is responsible for the Holocaust? Hostility between Christians and Jews is ancient, but the anti-Semitic bias was [increasing] everywhere in Germany before and especially after the First World War(Cargas, 16). In the late 19th century many Germans came to see the Jew as the symbol of all they feared: the big city, international finance, secularism, big business, liberalism, and the erosion of traditional ways of life. German nationalism, which was conservative and ethnic, intensified the hostility toward Jews, who were not thought to be part of the German Volk. After World War I, when Germany faced po...